Ethernet Technology
Ethernet was first implemented by a group called DIX (Digital, Intel, and Xerox). They created and implemented the first Ethernet LAN specification. This was a 10Mbps network that ran on coax. When designing your LAN, it’s really important to understand the different types of Ethernet media available to you.
Here are the original IEEE 802.3 standards:
10Base2
Known as thinnet and can support up to 30 workstations on a single segment. Uses a physical and logical bus with BNC connectors and thin coaxial cable. The 10 means 10Mbps, Base means baseband technology (digital signaling), and the 2 means almost 200 meters. 10Base2 Ethernet cards use BNC (British Naval Connector, Bayonet Neill Concelman, or Bayonet Nut Connector), T-connectors, and terminators to connect to a network.
10Base5 10Mbps, baseband technology, up to 500 meters in length using thick coaxial cable. Known as thicknet. Uses a physical and logical bus with AUI connectors. Up to 2,500 meters with repeaters and 1,024 users for all segments.
10BaseT 10Mbps using category 3 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring for runs up to 100 meters. Unlike with the 10Base2 and 10Base5 networks, each device must connect into a hub or switch, and you can have only one host per segment or wire. Uses an RJ45 connector (8-pin) with a physical star topology and a logical bus.
Here are the expanded IEEE Ethernet 802.3 standards, starting with Fast Ethernet:
100Base-TX
most commonly known as Fast Ethernet, uses EIA/TIA category 5, 5E, or 6 UTP two-pair wiring.
One user per segment; up to 100 meters long. It uses an RJ45 connector with a physical star topology and a logical bus.
100Base-FX Uses fiber cabling 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber. Point-to-point topology; up to 412 meters long. It uses ST and SC connectors, which are media-interface connectors.
1000Base-CX Copper twisted-pair that can run only up to 25 meters and uses a special 9-pin connector known as the High Speed Serial Data Connector (HSSDC).
1000Base-T Category 5, four-pair UTP wiring up to 100 meters long and up to 1Gbps.
1000Base-LX Single-mode fiber that uses a 9-micron core and 1300 nm laser and can go from 3 kilometers up to 10 kilometers.
10GBase-T 10GBase-T is a standard provide 10Gbps connections over conventional UTP cables (category 5e, 6, or 7 cables). 10GBase-T allows the conventional RJ45 used for Ethernet LANs.
10GBase-Extended Range (ER) An implementation of 10 Gigabit Ethernet running over single-mode fiber. It uses extra-long-wavelength lasers at 1,550 nm. It has the longest transmission distances possible of the 10-Gigabit technologies: anywhere from 2 meters up to 40 km, depending on the size and quality of the fiber used.
10GBase-Short Wavelength (SW) 10GBase-SW is a mode of 10GBase-S for MMF with an 850 nm laser transceiver with a bandwidth of 10Gbps. It can support up to 300 meters of cable length. This media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.
Here are the original IEEE 802.3 standards:
10Base2
Known as thinnet and can support up to 30 workstations on a single segment. Uses a physical and logical bus with BNC connectors and thin coaxial cable. The 10 means 10Mbps, Base means baseband technology (digital signaling), and the 2 means almost 200 meters. 10Base2 Ethernet cards use BNC (British Naval Connector, Bayonet Neill Concelman, or Bayonet Nut Connector), T-connectors, and terminators to connect to a network.
10Base5 10Mbps, baseband technology, up to 500 meters in length using thick coaxial cable. Known as thicknet. Uses a physical and logical bus with AUI connectors. Up to 2,500 meters with repeaters and 1,024 users for all segments.
10BaseT 10Mbps using category 3 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring for runs up to 100 meters. Unlike with the 10Base2 and 10Base5 networks, each device must connect into a hub or switch, and you can have only one host per segment or wire. Uses an RJ45 connector (8-pin) with a physical star topology and a logical bus.
Here are the expanded IEEE Ethernet 802.3 standards, starting with Fast Ethernet:
100Base-TX
most commonly known as Fast Ethernet, uses EIA/TIA category 5, 5E, or 6 UTP two-pair wiring.
One user per segment; up to 100 meters long. It uses an RJ45 connector with a physical star topology and a logical bus.
100Base-FX Uses fiber cabling 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber. Point-to-point topology; up to 412 meters long. It uses ST and SC connectors, which are media-interface connectors.
1000Base-CX Copper twisted-pair that can run only up to 25 meters and uses a special 9-pin connector known as the High Speed Serial Data Connector (HSSDC).
1000Base-T Category 5, four-pair UTP wiring up to 100 meters long and up to 1Gbps.
1000Base-LX Single-mode fiber that uses a 9-micron core and 1300 nm laser and can go from 3 kilometers up to 10 kilometers.
10GBase-T 10GBase-T is a standard provide 10Gbps connections over conventional UTP cables (category 5e, 6, or 7 cables). 10GBase-T allows the conventional RJ45 used for Ethernet LANs.
10GBase-Extended Range (ER) An implementation of 10 Gigabit Ethernet running over single-mode fiber. It uses extra-long-wavelength lasers at 1,550 nm. It has the longest transmission distances possible of the 10-Gigabit technologies: anywhere from 2 meters up to 40 km, depending on the size and quality of the fiber used.
10GBase-Short Wavelength (SW) 10GBase-SW is a mode of 10GBase-S for MMF with an 850 nm laser transceiver with a bandwidth of 10Gbps. It can support up to 300 meters of cable length. This media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.
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