Tuesday 29 April 2014

How to Configure VLAN, STP, DTP step by step guide

How to Configure VLAN, STP, DTP step by step guide
In this tutorial I will demonstrate that how can you
  • Configure Access or Trunk links
  • Create VLAN
  • Assign VLAN membership
  • Configure Intra VLAN routing
  • Configure VTP Server
  • Make VTP Clients
  • Show STP Static
  • Configure DTP port
To complete these lab either create a topology as shown in figure or download this file and load it in packet tracer
PC configurations
DevicesIP AddressVLANConnected With
PC0
10.0.0.2
VLAN10
Switch1 on F0/1
PC1
20.0.0.2
VLAN20
Switch1 on F0/2
PC2
10.0.0.3
VLAN10
Switch2 on F0/1
PC3
20.0.0.3
VLAN20
Switch2 on F0/2
PC4
10.0.0.4
VLAN10
Switch3 on F0/1
PC5
20.0.0.4
VLAN20
Switch3 on F0/2
2960 – 24 TTL Switch 1 Configuration
Port Connected toVLANLINKSTATUS
F0/1 With PC0
VLAN10
Access
OK
F0/2 With PC1
VLAN20
Access
OK
Gig1/1 With Router
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
OK
Gig 1/2 With Switch2
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
OK
F0/24 Witch Switch2
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
OK
2960 – 24 TTL Switch 2 Configuration
F0/1 With PC0
VLAN10
Access
OK
F0/2 With PC1
VLAN20
Access
OK
Gig 1/2 With Switch1
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
OK
Gig 1/1 With Switch3
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
OK
F0/24 Witch Switch1
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
Blocked
F0/23 Witch Switch3
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
OK
2960 – 24 TTL Switch 3 Configuration
F0/1 With PC0
VLAN10
Access
OK
F0/2 With PC1
VLAN20
Access
OK
Gig 1/1 With Switch2
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
OK
F0/24 Witch Switch1
VLAN 10,20
Trunk
Blocked

Task

You are the administrator at ComputerNetworkingNotes.com. company have two department sales and management. You have given three pc for sales and three pc in management. You created two VLAN. VLAN 10 for sales and VLAN20 for management. For backup purpose you have interconnected switch with one extra connection. You have one router for intera VLAN communications.
Let's start configuration first assign IP address to all pc's
To assign IP address double click on pc and select ip configurations from desktop tab and give ip address as shown in table given above

VLAN Trunking Protocol

Configure VTP Server

We will first create a VTP Server so it can automatically propagate VLAN information to other switch. Double click on Switch1 and select CLI. Set hostname to S1 and create VTP domain name example and set password to vinita ( Remember password is case sensitive ).
Switch 1
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S1
S1(config)#vtp mode server
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
S1(config)#vtp domain example
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to example
S1(config)#vtp password vinita
Setting device VLAN database password to vinita

Configure VTP clients

Once you have created a VTP domain. Configure remaining Switch to Client mode.
Switch 2
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S2
S2(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
S2(config)#vtp domain example
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to example
S2(config)#vtp password vinita
Setting device VLAN database password to vinita
S2(config)#
Switch 3
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S3
S3(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
S3(config)#vtp domain example
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to example
S3(config)#vtp password vinita
Setting device VLAN database password to vinita
S3(config)#

Dynamic Trunking Protocol

Configure DTP port

All Switch ports remain by default in access mode. Access port can not transfer the trunk frame. Change mode to trunk on all the port those are used to interconnect the switches
Switch 1
S1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24
S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24,
changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24,
changed state to up
S1(config-if)#exit
S1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 1/1
S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
S1(config-if)#exit
S1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 1/2
S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/2,
changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/2,
changed state to up
S1(config-if)#exit
S1(config)#
Switch 2
S2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 1/1
S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/1,
changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/1,
changed state to up
S2(config-if)#exit
S2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 1/2
S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
S2(config-if)#exit
S2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/23
S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/23,
changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/23,
changed state to up
S2(config-if)#exit
S2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24
S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
S2(config-if)#exit
Switch 3
S3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24
S3(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
S3(config-if)#exit
S3(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 1/1
S3(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
S3(config-if)#exit

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Create VLAN

After VTP server configuration its time to organize VLAN. We need only to create VLAN on VTP server and reset will be done by VTP Server automatically.
Switch 1
S1(config)#vlan 10
S1(config-vlan)#exit
S1(config)#vlan 20
S1(config-vlan)#exit
S1(config)#
As we have already configure VTP server in our network so we don't need to create VLAN on S2 or S3. We need only to associate VLAN with port.

Assign VLAN membership

Switch 1
S1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
S1(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch 2
S2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
S2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
S2(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
S2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch 3
S3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
S3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
S3(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
S3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
Now we have two working vlan. To test connectivity do ping form 10.0.0.2 to 10.0.0.3 and 10.0.0.4. if you get successfully replay then you have successfully created VLAN and VTP server.

Spanning-Tree Protocol

In this configuration STP will block these ports F0/24 of S1 , F0/23 and F0/24 of S2 and F0/24 of S3 to avoid loop at layer to two. Verify those ports blocked due to STP functions

Verify STP ports

Switch 2
S2#show spanning-tree active
VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     0002.174D.7794
             Cost        4
             Port        26(GigabitEthernet1/2)
             Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     00D0.FF08.82E1
             Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  20

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- ---------------------------
Fa0/1            Desg FWD 19        128.1    P2p
Fa0/2            Desg FWD 19        128.2    P2p
Fa0/23           Desg FWD 19        128.23   P2p
Fa0/24           Altn BLK 19        128.24   P2p
Gi1/1            Desg FWD 4         128.25   P2p
Gi1/2            Root FWD 4         128.26   P2p
[Output is omitted]
S2#
You can test STP protocols status on S1 and S3 also with
show spanning-tree active command

Router on Stick

At this point of configuration you have two successfully running VLAN but they will not connect each other. To make intra VLAN communications we need to configure router . To do this double click on router and select CLI.

Configure intra VLAN

Router
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.10
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.20
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-subif)#exit
To test connectivity between different vlan do ping form any pc to all reaming pc. it should be ping successfully. If you have error download this configured topology and cross check that where you have committed mistake.

VLAN VTP Server STP DTP command reference sheet

Switch(config)#vlan 10
Creates VLAN 10 and enters VLAN configuration mode for further definitions.
Switch(config-vlan)#name Sales
Assigns a name to the VLAN. The length of the name can be from 1 to 32 characters.
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Applies changes, increases the revision number by 1, and returns to global configuration mode.
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Moves to interface configuration mode
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Sets the port to access mode
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Assigns this port to VLAN 10
Switch#show vlan
Displays VLAN information
Switch#show vlan brief
Displays VLAN information in brief
Switch#show vlan id 10
Displays information about VLAN 10 only
Switch#show vlan name sales
Displays information about VLAN named sales only
Switch#show interfaces vlan x
Displays interface characteristics for the specified VLAN
Switch#delete flash:vlan.dat
Delete filename [vlan.dat]?
Delete flash:vlan.dat? [confirm]
Switch#
Removes the entire VLAN database from flash.
Make sure there is no space between the colon (:) and the characters vlan.dat. You can potentially erase the entire contents of the flash with this command if the syntax is not correct. Make sure you read the output from the switch. If you need to cancel, press ctrl+c to escape back to privileged mode:
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/5
Moves to interface configuration mode.
Switch(config-if)#no switchport access vlan 5
Removes port from VLAN 5 and reassigns it to VLAN 1—the default VLAN.
Switch(config-if)#exit
Moves to global configuration mode.
Switch(config)#no vlan 5
Removes VLAN 5 from the VLAN database.
Switch#copy running-config startupconfig
Saves the configuration in NVRAM
Switch(config-if) #switchport mode trunk
Puts the interface into permanent trunking mode and negotiates to convert the link into a trunk link.
Switch(config)#vtp mode server
Changes the switch to VTP server mode.
Switch(config)#vtp mode client
Changes the switch to VTP client mode.
Switch(config)#vtp mode transparent
Changes the switch to VTP transparent mode.
Switch(config)#no vtp mode
Returns the switch to the default VTP server mode.
Switch(config)#vtp domain domain-name
Configures the VTP domain name. The name can be from 1 to 32 characters long.
Switch(config)#vtp password password
Configures a VTP password
.
Switch(config)#vtp pruning
Enables VTP pruning
Switch#show vtp status
Displays general information about VTP configuration
Switch#show vtp counters
Displays the VTP counters for the switch

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